![]() READ MORE: How diabetes can impact the eyes Multiple sclerosis AR pupil can develop when long periods of high blood sugar levels cause nerve damage that triggers lesions. Glucose is a sugar and the body’s main source of energy. READ MORE: Ocular syphilis: Symptoms and treatment when syphilis spreads to the eyes Diabetes mellitusĭiabetes mellitus is a condition in which the body does not effectively regulate glucose levels in the bloodstream. During this stage, syphilis is not contagious.Ĭases of Argyll Robertson pupil that are not related to syphilis are also called pseudo-Argyll Robertson pupil. Only one-third of individuals with syphilis will develop tertiary syphilis. The final stage, also called tertiary syphilis, can lead to the development of Argyll Robertson pupil. When left untreated, syphilis can progress through three stages. It is most commonly transferred through sexual intercourse. Syphilis is a bacterial infection that causes lesions throughout the body. The most common cause of AR pupil is late-stage syphilis. Other potential causes are chronic alcoholism, shingles, Lyme disease, encephalitis and neurosarcoidosis. There are several diseases that can cause Argyll Robertson pupil, the most common of which are discussed below. The lesion can also lead to an atrophied or weakened iris. Eventually, the pupils may completely lose their ability to respond to light. This leads to a slow loss of light response that is not always equal in both pupils. The lesion develops over time and sometimes unevenly. ![]() The lesion does not affect the fibers responsible for focusing on nearby objects. The lesion that causes AR pupil forms on the area of the nucleus that handles light reaction. The midbrain helps to govern the movement of the eyes. The Edinger-Westphal nucleus is located in the section of the brain that connects the spinal cord and the brain, called the midbrain. Argyll Robertson pupil develops when a lesion - a damaged area of tissue - forms on the Edinger-Westphal nucleus.
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